PFAS, known as forever chemicals, contaminate nearly all soils worldwide through rain, dust, landfill leachate, biosolids, irrigation water, and firefighting foam (AFFF). Common types include PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, GenX, and shorter-chain PFBA/PFBS. They persist due to strong carbon-fluorine bonds, sorb to soil, leach into groundwater, and move via plant uptake. Short-chain PFAS translocate to leaves; […]